game (1)

Example Python program game (1).py This program creates a PyQt GUI Python version 3.x or newer. To check the Python version use:

python --version

Modules

• import time
• import math
• import sys
• from random import choice
• from PyQt5 import QtWidgets, QtCore
• from PyQt4 import QtGui as QtWidgets, QtCore

Methods

• def show(board):
• def round(board):
• def shake(board, direction, max=2048):
• def shake_row(row, max=2048):
• def all_indices(haystack, needle):
• def cli():
• def main():
• def update():
• def key_press(event):

Code

Example Python PyQt program :

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# vim: set ts=4 sts=0 et sw=4 smarttab :
"""2048 game in Python (cli, PyQt 4 or 5)."""

import time
import math
import sys
from random import choice

ROW = 4

def show(board):
    """Print the 2048 board."""
    print("")
    for i in range(0, len(board), ROW):
        print("".join(("{0:^5}".format(cell) for cell in board[i:i+ROW])))
    print("")


def round(board):
    """
    Insert a 2 at a random available position (where a 0 sits).

    Return a new board.
    """
    index = choice(tuple(all_indices(board, 0)))
    return tuple(board[:index]) + (2,) + tuple(board[index+1:])


def shake(board, direction, max=2048):
    """
    Shake the board in a given direction in wasd.

    Return a new board.
    """
    rows = [*board]
    direction = direction.lower()
    if direction not in 'wasd':
        raise ValueError("{} does nothing".format(direction))

    for i in range(ROW):
        if direction == 'a':
            start = i * ROW
            end = start + ROW
            rows[start:end] = shake_row(board[start:end], max)

        elif direction == 'd':
            start = i * ROW - 1
            end = start + ROW
            # -1 is the last element and not the one before the first one.
            # None must be used instead.
            if start == -1:
                start = None
            rows[end:start:-1] = shake_row(board[end:start:-1], max)

        elif direction in 'w':
            rows[i::ROW] = shake_row(board[i::ROW], max)

        elif direction in 's':
            start = (ROW - 1) * ROW + i
            rows[start::-ROW] = shake_row(board[start::-ROW], max)
    return tuple(rows)


def shake_row(row, max=2048):
    """
    Shake a given row towards its beginning.

    Return a new row.
    """
    l = len(row)
    row = [i for i in row if i != 0]
    m = 2
    while m < max:
        indices = tuple(all_indices(row, m))
        n = m*2
        for i in indices[:-1]:
            if row[i] == row[i+1] == m:
                row[i] = n
                row[i+1] = None
        row = [i for i in row if i is not None]
        m = n

    row.extend([0] * (l - len(row)))
    return tuple(row)


def all_indices(haystack, needle):
    """Like list.index but for all the indices."""
    try:
        indice = -1
        while True:
            indice = haystack.index(needle, indice+1)
            yield indice
    except ValueError:
        pass


def cli():
    """Play the CLI version of the game."""
    board = tuple([0] * ROW**2)
    board = round(round(board))
    s = "w"
    while s in "wasd":
        show(board)
        s = input("Shake the board with WASD: ").lower()
        board = shake(board, s)
        board = round(board)


def main():
    """Play the Qt verson of the game."""
    app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
    window = QtWidgets.QWidget()
    grid = QtWidgets.QGridLayout()
    labels = []
    for i in range(ROW**2):
        label = QtWidgets.QLabel("0")
        label.setAlignment(QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter)
        labels.append(label)
        grid.addWidget(label, i // ROW, i % ROW)
    window.setLayout(grid)

    board = tuple([0] * ROW**2)
    board = round(round(board))

    keys = {
        QtCore.Qt.Key_Up: "w",
        QtCore.Qt.Key_Left: "a",
        QtCore.Qt.Key_Down: "s",
        QtCore.Qt.Key_Right: "d",
    }

    def update():
        """Update the state of the board."""
        for i, v in enumerate(board):
            labels[i].setText(str(v))
            x = math.log(max(1, v) / math.log(2))
            font_size = (1.5)**x + 20
            color = x / 10 * 360
            labels[i].setStyleSheet(
                "font-size : {0:0.0f}px;"
                "background-color : hsl({1:0.0f}, 100%, 50%);"
                "min-width: 120px;"
                "min-height: 120px;"
                .format(font_size, color)
            )
        window.update()

    def key_press(event):
        """React to a pressed key by playing."""
        nonlocal board

        key = event.key()
        try:
            w = keys[key] if key in keys else chr(key).lower()
        except ValueError:
            print("Key unknown {}".format(key), file=sys.stderr)
            return

        try:
            m = 4
            while m < 2048:
                new_board = shake(board, w, m)
                if new_board != board:
                    board = new_board
                    time.sleep(.1)
                    update()
                    app.processEvents()
                else:
                    board = new_board
                m *= 2
            update()
            app.processEvents()
            time.sleep(.1)
            try:
                board = round(board)
            except IndexError:
                msg_box = QtWidgets.QMessageBox()
                msg_box.setText("You've lost!")
                msg_box.exec_()
                board = tuple([0] * ROW**2)
                board = round(round(board))

            update()
            app.processEvents()
        except ValueError:
            pass

    update()

    window.keyPressEvent = key_press
    window.show()
    app.exec_()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    try:
        from PyQt5 import QtWidgets, QtCore
        main()
    except ImportError:
        try:
            from PyQt4 import QtGui as QtWidgets, QtCore
            main()
        except ImportError:
            print("Install PyQt to play a colorful version of 2048.",
                  "On Anaconda use: `conda install pyqt'\n"
                  "Otherwise: `pip install pyqt5'\n",
                  file=sys.stderr)
            cli()

Useful Links

• Articles: https://python-commandments.org/
• PyQt: https://pythonpyqt.com/
• Tutorial: https://pythonprogramminglanguage.com/